To compare the usability and acceptability of oral fluid- and blood-based HIV self-test kits among men who have sex with men in Australia.

Randomised crossover trial.

Gay, bisexual, and other men aged 18 years or older who have sex with men, who attended two metropolitan sexual health clinics in Sydney and Melbourne, 7 January - 10 December 2019.

Ease of use of HIV self-test kits; preferred HIV self-test type; difficulties encountered during HIV self-testing.

170 men were recruited (median age, 34 years; interquartile range, 29-43 years); 144 identified as gay (85%), 96 were born outside Australia (57%). Participants were more likely to report the oral fluid HIV self-test was easy to use than the blood-based self-test (oral fluid, 99%; blood, 86%; odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-6.6). The oral fluid test was preferred by 98 participants (58%; 95% CI, 50-65%), the blood-based test by 69 (41%; 95% CI, 33-48%). Difficulties with the oral fluid test kit identified by observing nurses included problems placing the buffer solution into the stand (40 of 170 participants, 24%) and not swabbing both gums (23 of 169, 14%); difficulties with the blood-based test kit included problems filling the device test channel (69 of 170, 41%) and squeezing the finger firmly enough to generate a blood drop (42 of 170, 25%). No participant received an invalid result with the oral fluid self-test; two of 162 participants (1%) received invalid results with the blood self-test. After adjusting for age, education level, and ethnic background, characteristics associated with higher odds of using HIV self-testing in the future were overseas birth (adjusted OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.42-6.64), and self-evaluated ease of use and confidence in using the kits.

It is important to provide options for obtaining both oral fluid- and blood-based HIV self-tests. The usability and acceptability of both kits were high, but the ease of use and perceived accuracy influenced test kit preference.