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Research and development of new immunomodulatory therapeutics for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus; treatments of blood cancers; and vaccines in infections such as HIV and malaria.
There is a significant unmet need for the treatment of several intractable, neglected or incurable diseases. These include some of the blood cancers and solid tumours; several chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus; and infectious diseases including malaria, HIV and chronic bacterial infection.
Antibodies are the critical blood proteins of the immune system which, in normal immunity, protect against infection and they are the major reason why vaccines work. Pathological inflammation in some autoimmune diseases aberrant antibodies induce uncontrolled, powerful inflammatory responses that result in tissue destruction.
We are studying how antibodies protect against infection for the development of better vaccines and at the same time we are attempting to design new ways to prevent the tissue destruction seen in autoimmunity. Finally because antibodies are so naturally potent, we are developing new biological drugs called monoclonal antibodies to treat disease.
Our primary goal is to discover new ways to treat disease by manipulating the immune system.
We are studying the structure and function of leucocyte cell surface molecules, especially Fc-receptors, or FcR which bind antibodies IgG, IgA or IgE. These Fc-receptors are implicated in immune protection against pathogenic microorganisms and in the aetiology of autoimmune disease. Antibodies complexed to antigen can cluster Fc-receptors, regulating potent effector cell responses including the release of immune polarising inflammatory cytokines, antibody dependant cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis of cells or pathogens. Targeting these receptors with monoclonal antibodies or designed drugs may neutralise inflammation and prevent or treat several major diseases. Moreover monoclonal antibodies can also be engineered to harness the FcRs of innate immune cells to eliminate cancer or infection.
Understanding how Fc receptor signalling leads to diverse different outcomes is crucial for the development of novel interventions in human health. By studying the structure and function of Fc-receptors in diverse inflammatory settings, we aim to discover new therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and infection.
Because of the broad role of antibodies in normal immunity and in disease, our work is very relevant in a number of major human diseases:
Inflammatory Autoimmune Disease:
These include rheumatoid arthritis and its related diseases lupus, antiphospholipid syndrome, vasculitis in Wegener’s granulomatosus and vitaligo. We are targeting Fc receptors and also have discovery programs to identify new molecular targets on Th17 and Th1 inflammatory cells.
Cancer:
There has been much speculation about the role of inflammation in both protecting against or enhancing the development of various cancers. We are identifying surface molecules associated with inflammation that are also present on cancer cells, especially blood cancers and some solid tumours. We aim to target these with genetically engineered monoclonal antibodies.
Infection:
Since antibodies are critical to the success of vaccines, we are identifying how they function to resist infection and how microbes attempt to avoid antibodies. We are particularly interested in neutralising antibodies in HIV, and the role of antibodies in malaria immunity and staphylococcal infection.
To understand how antibodies interact with Fc receptors and drive inflammatory cell activation in tissue destruction in some autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases. Of major importance is understanding the basis of immune complex hypersensitivity in disease development
To understand the role of Th17 cells in FcgRIIa transgenic (Tg) mice, which spontaneously develop destructive arthritis mimicking human rheumatoid arthritis and lupus
To discover targets for the treatment of cancer with new therapeutic anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies allowing us to harness the “potent” activating potential of FcR
To understand the relationship between inflammation and cancer
To define how bacterial pathogens avoid antibody destruction
To discover new markers of Th17 cells for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and blood cancers (with CRC-BMD)
To study how FcgR engagement modifies the innate immune response to the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.
Head, Immune Therapies Group
A unique approach to anti-inflammatory immune therapy
Anti-COVID-19 biological drugs for prevention and treatment
Antibody mAbs to destroy infection: engineering the next generation treatments
Broadly neutralising anti-HIV antibodies and Fc Receptor function
Discovery of new treatments for myeloma and myelogenous leukemia
IgA and staphyloccocal aureus immune evasion
Predicting quality and potency of monoclonal and natural antibodies
Understanding the connection between inflammation and cancer
Doctor Bruce Wines
Research Officer, Immune Therapies Group
Professor Mark Hogarth
Head, Immune Therapies Group
To achieve better health for vulnerable communities in Australia and internationally by accelerating the translation of research, discovery and evidence into sustainable health solutions.
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